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APL: Organic Electronics and Photonics / Volume 5 / Issue 1 / ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS
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Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 013304 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673830 (4 pages)

Self-assembly of C60 monolayer on epitaxially grown, nanostructured graphene on Ru(0001) surface

G. Li, H. T. Zhou, L. D. Pan, Y. Zhang, J. H. Mao, Q. Zou, H. M. Guo, Y. L. Wang, S. X. Du, and H.-J. Gao

Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China

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(Received 14 September 2011; accepted 10 December 2011; published online 4 January 2012)

C60 molecules adsorbed on graphene/Ru(0001) substrate were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at 5 K. On high quality substrates, C60 molecules adopt a commensurate growth mode, leading to formation of a supramolecular structure with perfect periodicity and few defects. On under-annealed substrates with imperfections and domains, the molecules form the same closely packed hexagonal structures in spite of underlying corrugations, disorders or steps, indicating a weak molecule-substrate interaction—a conclusion that is also supported by DFT calculations. This system may be beneficial to the fabrication of carbon based devices and of other types of organic functional overlayers.

© 2012 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

adsorbed layers, adsorption, crystal defects, density functional theory, fullerenes, graphene, monolayers, nanofabrication, nanostructured materials, scanning tunnelling microscopy, self-assembly

PACS

  • 81.16.Dn

    Self-assembly

  • 81.05.ub

    Fullerenes and related materials

  • 68.43.Fg

    Adsorbate structure (binding sites, geometry)

  • 81.07.Bc

    Nanocrystalline materials

  • 68.43.Mn

    Adsorption kinetics

  • 61.48.-c

    Structure of fullerenes and related hollow and planar molecular structures

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673830

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

1941-420X (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
(Color online) (a) Large-area STM topography of substrate-commensurate growth of C60 molecules on G/Ru. Right part is a higher terrace of Ru(0001) surface. (b) Zoom-in image of the supramolecular structure. The unit cells of the underlying substrate and molecular lattice are outlined by large and small rhombuses, respectively. (c) STM image showing both substrate-commensurate (lower right, marked with “A”) and substrate-incommensurate (upper left, marked with “B”) growth structure of C60 molecules on G/Ru. The dotted lines in different colors indicate different domains. (d) Zoom-in image of an incommensurate area. Inset shows its Fourier transformation and the angle between vector q1 and q2 is about 26°. Images (a) and (b) were taken from a well prepared sample while (c) and (d) from an under-annealed sample. Scanning parameters: (a) Vs = −3.0 V and I = 0.05 nA, (b) −2.0 V and 0.1 nA, (c) +2.0 V and 0.05 nA, and (d) +2.0 V and 0.03 nA.

FIG.1 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.2
(Color online) STM topography of C60 molecules adsorbed on under-annealed G/Ru surface: (a) Large area STM image showing C60 islands and isolated C60 molecules. Five larger bright protrusions due to argon gas bubbles are pointed out by blue arrows. (b) Low-coverage image showing defect induced isolated adsorption. (c) Regular Moiré pattern of G/Ru. (d) Zoom-in image of the lower left part of (a). Four kinds of typical template surface conditions are distinguished: (I) regular Moiré pattern, (II) disordered or imperfect areas, (III) steps, and (IV) corrugations. (e) Zoom-in of the area inside the blue square in (d). (f) High-pass filtered image of (e). Scanning parameters: (b) and (c) Vs = −3.0 V, I = 0.05 nA, (a), (d) and (e) +3.0 V, 0.02 nA.

FIG.2 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.3
(Color online) (a) STM topography of C60 monolayer under different sample bias voltages with a tunneling current of 0.1 nA. Positive bias corresponds to unoccupied states of the substrate. (b) High resolution image of an orientation disordered area. Inset is the calculated free C60 LUMO orbital with a hexagon upward. (c) The same area of (b) after a few cycles of scanning. The rotated molecules are labeled by circles in (b) and (c). Images (b) and (c) are taken at Vs = +1.5 V and I = 0.1 nA.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.4
(Color online) Schematic of the C60/G/Ru system showing the graphene layer (small dark balls), the first Ru layer (large bright balls), and the second Ru layer (large dark balls). C60 molecules are placed on three different surface sites in accordance with the commensurate growth mode.

FIG.4 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint



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